Indian classical dance forms transcend elegant movements and rhythmic footwork; they are powerful art forms that captivate, evoke emotions, and narrate stories without words. Over the years, India has produced influential classical dancers who’ve left a lasting impression globally. This article spotlights the top five legendary Indian classical dancers, masters of their art, and mentors imparting knowledge to future generations.
1. Birju Maharaj (Kathak):
Birju Maharaj, a luminary in Indian classical dance, especially Kathak, has profoundly shaped India’s cultural landscape. Kathak, rooted in the word ‘Katha’ (meaning stories), is epitomized by Birju Maharaj, aptly known as a Kathakar, a storyteller through dance.
Born Brij Mohan Mishra, Birju Maharaj is hailed as one of the greatest Kathak dancers, seamlessly blending tradition with innovation. His spellbinding performances, characterized by mastery in footwork, expressive gestures, and a charismatic stage presence, have not only captivated Indian audiences but garnered global acclaim.
In Birju Maharaj’s interpretation, Kathak is a language spoken through foot movements. The foundational practice, tatkaar, involves rhythmic footwork accompanied by chanting basic bols. Described as the ‘maha mantra’ of Kathak, it’s a phrase students articulate with their feet. The ghungroo becomes the mode of expression, with hand movements shaping the dance repertoire.
Widely recognized for iconic sequences like ‘Mohe Rang Do Laal’ and ‘Maar Dala,’ Birju Maharaj played a pivotal role in popularizing Kathak. His Doordarshan classes inspired many to embark on their Kathak journey.
A distinguished exponent of the Lucknow Kalka-Bindadin Gharana, Birju Maharaj was not only an exceptional dancer but also a skilled percussionist. His holistic approach, encompassing taal, chhanda, and lay, made him an engaging conversationalist. His insightful explanations serve as both inspiration and education.
Birju Maharaj’s immeasurable contribution to Kathak’s growth in India makes exploring his interviews and performances invaluable for aspiring students.
2. Thankamani Kutty (Bharatanatyam and Mohiniyattam):
In the vibrant realm of Bharatanatyam, Guru Thankamani Kutty, a versatile dancer from Kerala, shines as a star. Trained in both Bharatanatyam and Mohiniyattam at Kerala Kalamandalam, her performances reflect dedication and skill. Rooted in Tanjore, Bharatanatyam finds a counterpart in Kerala’s Mohiniyattam, inspired by Lord Shiva’s Tandav Nritya and Lord Vishnu’s Mohini avatar.
Thankamani Kutty’s proficiency in both forms is a testament to her artistry. Her marriage to Sri Govind Kutty, an expert in Kathakali, marked a significant turn. Relocating to Kolkata in 1958, they connected Kerala’s cultural threads with the city, collaborating with Poet Vallathol and Rabindranath Tagore to bring Tagore’s dance dramas to life.
Their choreographies, including masterpieces like Chitrangada and Tasher Desh, resonated with the art-loving people of Kolkata, shaping the prominence of Kolkata Kalamandalam. Guru Thankamani Kutty’s career serves as a beacon for aspiring students, bridging cultural gaps and enriching the world of classical dance with a lasting legacy.
3. Dr. Aruna Mohanty (Odissi):
In the colorful canvas of Odisha, two things truly shine – its magnificent temples and the mesmerizing Odissi dance. Dr. Aruna Mohanty stands out among Odissi artists, dedicating nearly five decades to this classical dance. The temple walls in Odisha tell stories of devotion, with Odissi’s frozen poetry intricately carved.
What makes Dr. Aruna Mohanty unique is her courage to explore beyond traditional myths. While most classical dances stick to these tales, she fearlessly addresses contemporary topics like gender stereotypes and social issues, making Odissi timeless and relevant today.
Dr. Mohanty’s influence extends to academia, as a visiting scholar at prestigious U.S. universities, adding an international touch to her contributions. For budding dancers, following her isn’t just about perfecting moves; it’s a journey into making traditional dance meaningful in today’s world.
In essence, Odissi dance, rooted in deep cultural traditions, finds a vibrant voice in Dr. Aruna Mohanty’s visionary artistry. She embodies Odissi’s grace and tradition while paving the way for those eager to blend classical art with a contemporary spirit.
4. Elam Endira Devi (Manipuri):
From the far east of India, Manipuri dance, also known as Manipuri Raas Leela, unfolds as a beautiful ode to love. Rooted in devotional temple dance for Lord Krishna, it has evolved into a captivating storytelling medium, particularly portraying the divine love between Radha and Krishna.
Padmashri Elam Endira Devi is a key figure in preserving and showcasing the essence of Manipuri dance. Starting her journey at the age of eight under the guidance of Guru Lourembam Amuyaima Singh, she has not only elevated the art form but also brought Manipur to the global cultural forefront. Her commitment led to the establishment of the Meitei Traditional Dance Teaching School and Performing Centre, recognized by the Indian government.
In the graceful movements and storytelling prowess of Manipuri dance, Padmashri Elam Endira Devi not only preserves a cultural legacy but also extends an invitation to audiences worldwide to immerse themselves in the enchanting tales of divine love.
5. Raja and Radha Reddy (Kuchipudi):
Meet the dynamic duo, Raja and Radha Reddy, synonymous with the enchanting dance form of Kuchipudi. Renowned for synchronized footwork, grace, and storytelling, they’ve brought Kuchipudi to the global stage. Beyond performances, they’ve revitalized and made Kuchipudi accessible, ensuring its survival for generations.
Originating in Andhra Pradesh’s Kuchipudi village, the dance form has a rich history, developed by traveling bards for religious storytelling. Raja and Radha Reddy have not only elevated Kuchipudi but made it relevant to the present while preserving its traditional values. Their Natya Tarangini Institute in New Delhi nurtures and preserves this exquisite art form, ensuring its continued flourishing under their guidance.
The contributions of these five legendary Indian classical dancers are monumental. Masters of their dance forms, they’ve dedicated their lives to sharing knowledge and preserving the rich heritage of Indian classical dance. Their extraordinary performances have touched millions, inspiring countless aspiring dancers. These icons have left an indelible mark, securing their place in history as the top five famous Indian classical dancers of all time.
